Includes bibliographical references (pages 323-366) and index.

An introduction to European antitrust criminalization and its theoretical, legal, and practical challenges -- Potential theoretical justifications for European antitrust criminalization -- European antitrust criminalization and the challenge of deterrence theory -- European antitrust criminalization and the challenge of retribution theory -- European antitrust criminalization and the first challenge of due process : a "strengthening of rights" in favour of the accused? -- European antitrust criminalization and the second challenge of due process : imposing criminal sanctions alongside civil sanctions -- European antitrust criminalization and the challenge of legal certainty -- European antitrust criminalization and the first challenge of design : defining the criminal cartel offence -- European antitrust criminalization and the second challenge of design : understanding the complexities of leniency/immunity -- European antitrust criminalization and the third challenge of design : identifying the desirable enforcement strategies -- concluding remarks on the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization.